Belorussians (in the Vologda province they were considered Chud) were counted in the Kholmogorsky district in the villages of Tovra, Voronovskaya, Derevenka, Nizhny Orlets, Upper Orlets, Kuryanoga, Ichkovskaya, (Shatikha) Stupino, Panilovskoye, Vlasyevskaya, Novinskaya, Gorsko-Kuznev Vysokiy Bor, Kozminskaya, Chasovenskaya, Eliseevskaya, Kashinskaya, Velikodvorskaya, Andriyanovskaya (along the rivers Dvina, Ukhtoostrovka, Yemets).

Purely Chud villages were considered Antsiferovskaya, Vakhromeevskaya, Expense (Khodchegory), Berezninskaya, Obukhovskaya, Nizhnematigorsk (Borisoglebsk, Demidov), Demidov (Pogost), Tyumshenskaya 1 (Tyushmenevskaya, Davydovskaya) and Tyumshenskaya 2 (Belogorsky) in Kholmogorsky district along the Boyar-Kurya river. Even then, they paid attention to the fact that the areas inhabited only by Chud bore exclusively Russian names.

In the Shenkur Uyezd, the Chud villages were not distinguished, and in the 14th century its entire territory with Verkhovazhy was considered the Chud country. Chud in Shenkursk was taken into account until the 16th century.

It should be noted that Chud stood out together with migrants from Novgorod, in areas where they were not, instead of Chud, Russians were indicated. In Arkhangelsk Chud considered the Russian Old Believers.

The list of populated areas of the Vologda province in 1859 indicates the presence of Chud as an ethnic group in the province, different from the Russians and Komi-Zyryans. Although the metropolitan scholars considered her Finns, and in the parish lists – Belarusians.

According to the parish lists, Chud was available in Nikolsky, Solvychegodsky and Ustsysolsky counties in neighboring areas in 62 villages (4234 people).

In Nikolsky Uyezd (1630 people) – Vymol, Lychenitsa, Pogudino, Hay, Kurilovo, Alferova Gora, Myateneeva Gora, Zavachug, Sushniki, Kayuk, Kobylino-Ilyinskoe, Spitsino, Ploskaya, Kobylkino, Navolok, Gorka, Gorbunovskaya, Pavlovo, Zavrazhe, Manshino (along the rivers Sherduga, Zhydovatka, Birch, Zavachuga, Ishenga, Kokoshikha, Imzyuga, Yug).

In Solvychegodsky Uyezd (2938 people) – Astafyeva Gora, Fire, Zmanovsky fix (Zmanovo), Mishutino, Leunino, Eremina Gora (Okolotok), Lisya Gora, Kuryanovo, Yaruny (Yartsevo), Goncharovo (Gondyukhiny), Mishutino Verkh (Gusikha), Potanin fixes (Prison), Pozdeev mends (Omelyanikha), Golaya gorka, Byk, Goryachevo, Konishchevo, Vyatkina Gora, Verkholalsky churchyard, Knyazha, Stroikovo, Popova exhibition (Pupok), Tokarevo Zholtikovo, Pryanovskaya (Byzov), Vasilyevskaya, Frolovskaya (Zuikha), Tregubovskaya, Varzaksa, Novikovskaya (Kuliga), Grishanovskaya (Balushkins), Rychkovo, Konstantinovskaya (Fedyakovo), Fedyakovo, Teshilova Gora (Kushikha), Novoselova Gora (Novoselka), Kochurinskaya (Zaruchevye), Grigoryevskaya (Kalinino), Gorka, Makarovskaya (Komarovo), Ustye, Selivanovskaya (Isakovs), Nechaevskaya (Mezhnik), Ryabovo, Koneshevskaya (Butoryana), Sludka, Deshlevskaya (Koshary), Matyukovskaya (Balashovs), Chernyshevskaya (Artemyevshina), Prilitsa, Zadorikha, Bereznik (along the rivers Lala, Varzoksov, Torzov, Tornov, Chakulka, Mezhnik, Hearth, Dorovitsa, Vychegda).

In Ustysysolsky Uyezd (749 people) – Mishinskaya (Podkiberye), Spirinskaya (Zanyule), Rakinskaya (Bor), Shilovskaya (Zarodovo), Garevskaya (Trofimovskaya), Bor-Nadbolotomskaya (Keros), Urnyshevskaya (Verkhnyy Konets), Matveyevskaya (Spas Porub), Karpovskaya (Gavrilova), Kulizhskaya (Chinicheva), Raevskaya (Ostashevskaya), Podsosnovskaya (Lobanova), Nelitsovskaya (Shmotina), Trofimovskaya (Poryasyanova) (along the Nevlyora, Luza, Nyula,, Porub, Buba).

In Kargopol County in 1316, along the Lekshmozero (Chelmogora), 53 km. from Kargopol there was a Chud population. In 1349, the Roman Lazarus noted the presence of Chud and Lopi at the Murmansk monastery in Obonezhie.

According to the information of 1873, in the Olonets province, Chud was considered – 26172 people (Chud russified – 7699 people). Apart from them, Finns were counted – 3,775 people, Lapps – 3,882 people, Karelians – 48,568 people.

Chud was located in Lodeinopolsky district (7447 people), Olonets district (1705 people), Vytegorsky district (6701 people), and Petrozavodsk district (10319 people).

The name Chud was attributed to this ethnos, according to Academician Shegren (1832), who indicated that, he lived in Belozersky and Tikhvin districts of the Novgorod province, where the Russians called them Chud, and the Vepsians themselves called themselves Zjudi. However, Novgorodians also identified Kolbyagi (Tikhvin) and Varangians (Ilmen).

Why St. Petersburg scholars have decided that the ид Zhidi’, who called themselves «Ljudi,» are Chud, and for example, not the descendants of the Novgorod ующих Judaizers’, it is not clear. Most likely, an error has occurred. The handwritten L looks like a handwritten capital letter Z, when publishing the manuscript in German, it was read as Z, and then when re-publishing Shegren’s work in Russian, and they read the name of the people as Chud. And under the authority of the academician, who did not write this at all, they began to call the Veps-Ludikov – Chud. After 1920, these people began to be called by self-designation of the greater part of the Vepsians, and then, they were recorded in a large part in Karelians.

Chud Russified lived separately from the rest of the Olonets Chud (Vepsians) in the east in Vytegorsky uyezd on the border with Kirillovsky and Kargopolsky uyezds.The population of these places does not belong to the Vepsians Russified by any of ethnographers.

She lived Chud Russified in 118 villages of Vytegra district: Pesok, Venyukova, Vasil’yevskaya (Ishukova), Bobrova, Nikiforova, Zaparina, Ukhotskiy pogost (Il’ina), Klimovskaya (Tobolkina), Yefremova, Popad’ina, Niz, Mechevskaya, Yeremina, Leont’yeva, Yershova, Okulova, Bryukhova, Kobylina, Prokop’yeva, Yermolina, Pankratova, Kopytova, Mishutkina, Kozulina, Vasil’yeva, Moseyevskaya (Chernitsina), Poganina, Yurgina (Yurkina), Ambrosova (Obrosova), Sergeyeva, Saustova, Likhaya Shalga (Shalga) (on the river Ukhta);

Surminskaya (Teryushina), Yemel’yanovskaya (Sharapova), Patrovskaya, Filosovskaya, Ignatovskaya (Shil’kova), Demidovskaya (Zapol’ye), Duplevskaya (Zapol’ye), Yermakovskaya (Zapol’ye), Budrinskaya (Kromina), Prokopinskoye, Antipinskaya (Gorka), Grigor’yevskaya (Novoselova), Tikhmangskiy Pogost (Danilovo), Vakhrusheva, Vakhrusheva, Palovskiy Pogost (Dudino), Aksenova, Klepikova, Fat’yanova, Fedorova, Burtsova, Demina, Rukina, Novoye selo, Trofimovskaya (Chasovina), Oryushinskaya (Vydrina), Murkhonskaya, Lavrovskaya (Petunina), Dmitrovskaya (Tsanina), Fedotovskaya (Pavshevo), Feofilatovskaya (Rubyshino), Ryabovskaya (Simanova), Mininskaya (Berezhnaya), Kirshevskaya (Kruganova), Dalmatovskaya (Savina), Tretiakovskaya (Manylova), Mukhlovskaya (Knigina), Fertinskaya (Vaneva), Koshkarevskaya (Filina), Iarakhivskaya (Parakeyevna, Slasnikova), Sidorovskaya (Davydova), Yeltomovskaya (Verkhov’ye), Mikhalevskoye (Vypolzovo), Guyevskaya (Fokino), Manuylovskaya, Zheleznikovskaya (Gurino), Kashinskaya (Verkhov’ye), Kuromskaya (Konets), Gorlovskaya (Mal’kova), Il’inskaya sloboda (along the Tikhmang River);

Antonovskaya (Baranova), Mokiyevskaya (Rusanova), Murav’yevskaya, Gorbunovskaya (Pustyn’), Fominskaya (Gorka), Fedos’yevskaya (Matyushina), Kuznetsovskaya (Kirilovshchina), Kachalovskaya (Privalova), Vershininskaya pustosh’ (Vershinina), Isakovskaya pustosh’, Lukinskaya (Povinki), Aleksinskaya (Gurino), Davydovskaya (Maksimova) (along the river Shalgas); Perkhina (Antipina), Pashinskaya (Beregovskaya), Antipina (Antipa, Perkhina, Malaya Kher’ka), Fedorovskaya (Khaluy), Antsiferova (Khaluy) (along the Indomanca River);

Lebyazh’ya pustosh’ (by the Desert Creek);

Deminskaya (Dubininskaya), Matveyevskaya (Procheva) (by Shey-brook); Falkova (at Ukhtozer);

Antsiferovskaya (Bereznik, Khaluy), Krechetova (Pankratova), Agafonovskaya (Bol’shaya), Rakovskaya (Ugol’) (at Antsiferovsk lake); Borisova Gora (Gora), Mitina, Pankratovo (Matveyevo, Isayevo), Ivanova (Kir’yanova), Blinova (Gorka), Yelinskaya (Kropacheva, Novozhilova, Yermolinskaya) (at Isaevsk lake);

Antsiferovskaya (Anan’ina, Puzhmozero), Yermolino (Novozhilovo) (at Pujmozero).

In the 19th century, scientists called indiscriminately the peoples of the Perm group and the Vod, and the Chukhons, and the Karelians, and the Estonians, although talking about the mono-ethnic composition of the population of Estonia in the 19th century doesn’t make sense. The merger of several nationalities into one Estonian people and their assimilation of other ethnic groups (including Slavic Krivichs and Germanic Danes) were not yet completed. Therefore, it can be assumed that the name of the miracle was given to the Finno-nized part of the local population by Novgorodians, in other places the presence of the Finno-Ugric population was not recorded.

The list of populated places of the St. Petersburg province of 1864 was attributed to Chud, based on the opinion of scientists, whose name (vatiya-lyset) was derived from the word «waddy», the meaning of which is not known in Finnish. The people are closer to Estonians than Karelians. Vod lived in Peterhof, Yamburg counties. Moreover, in the parish lists, part of its settlements is called Izhora.

In addition, Chud named part of the settlements lying in the Russian regions along the Luga River – Pulkovo, Sola (Sala), Nadezhdina (Blekigof), Mariengof, Koshkino, Zakhonye, Sveisko, Zhabino, Kalmotka, Verino (Nikolaevo), Kuzmino, Yurkino, Kepi, Gorka, Podoga, Lutsk, Lutsk, Mikhailovskaya, Novopyatnitskoe.

Official statistics, according to the census of 1897, separated the vody and ests from chud. In addition to vod and estonians, 303 people spoke miracle languages in the Yamburg district. The Vepsians were not there.

In 1535 the population of Toldozhsky, Izhersky, Dudrovsky, Zamoshsky, Egorievsky, and Opoletsky, Kipensky, and Zaretsky pogosts was referred to Chud in the Novgorod lands.

Given the relocation from Finland, Estonia and Livonia in the 17th century, as well as the massive population decline at the end of the 16th century and the beginning of the 18th century can be assumed assimilation by local settlers.

The Sami, who knew the chud well, did not mix them with the Karelians.

According to the legends of the Karelians and Sami, Chud – «murderous murderers», every summer came from the mountains and killed many people. Sami «Chute, Chud» – «pursuer, robber, enemy.» In the traditions of the Sami, it is indicated that in ancient times, the White-eyed Chud came to their lands. She wore iron armor over her clothes, and iron horned helmets on her heads. Faces were covered with iron nets. The enemies were terrible; everyone was slaughtered in a row. A similar form of the Scandinavian Vikings took place only from the 13th century.

The Finno-Ugric peoples them selves always talked about Chud as about some other people. Komi-Zyryans and Permyaks distinguished themselves from the «real Chud.» The reason is in the neighborhood, they knew Chud. For Komi-Permyaks and Udmurts – Chud is an ethnic group completely alien to them in language, which, like Novgorodians and Vyatchians, took part in tribal strife and war.

The Vyatka chronicler mentioned the peoples of Chud and Ostyaks on Chepets. According to legend, Chuds fortifications were located in these places, and it is here that bronze objects, united by the name Perm Animal Style, are found. Experts have always recognized the Iranian influence on the art of the Perm animal style.

Descriptions of the Komi indicate an unusually large growth of representatives of the Miracle. In addition to the Chud-giants, the Komi-Permyaks distinguish another people of small stature – Chudov.

Traditions about Chyud are associated with legends about the people of Sirte (Sihirta, Sirchi), who lived in the tundra before the arrival of the Nenets. According to legend, the syrts were small in stature, they said, slightly stuttering, wore beautiful clothes with metal pendants. They had white eyes. The houses of Sihirt were high sand hills; they rode dogs and grazed mammoths. Like Chud, Sirte were considered skilled blacksmiths and good warriors. There are references to military clashes between the Nenets and Sihirt. There are known cases of the marriage of the Nenets to women of Sihirt. The Nenets distinguished sikhirt from themselves, Khanty and Komi.

Academician I. Lepekhin wrote in 1805: «All Samoyed land in the Mezen district is filled with desolate dwellings of the once ancient people. They are found in many places: by lakes, on the tundra, in forests, in rivers, made in mountains and hills like caves with «holes like doors. In these caves they find furnaces and find debris in iron, copper and clay household items.»

For the first time, the Nenets legends about the Sihirt, who spoke a language different from the Nenets, were recorded by A. Schrenk in 1837 in the Bolshezemelskaya tundra. The Nenets were convinced that the last syrtes even 5 generations before the 19th century (17—18th century) met on the Yamal Peninsula, and then finally disappeared.

They assume the original meaning of the word Chud – «Germans», from the Gothic «Tsiud» – «people». But the Thiudos is mentioned among other peoples affiliated with the Gothic power of the 4th century and therefore not German. The Jordan wrote: «Germanarich, the noblest of the Amals, who conquered many very warlike northern tribes and made them obey their laws. Many ancient writers compared him with dignity to Alexander the Great. He conquered the tribes: Golthescytha, Thiudos, Inaunxis, Vasinabroncas, Merens, Mordens, Imnisscaris, Rogas, Tadzans, Athaul, Navego, Bubegenas, and Coldas».

Chud is used in the Mahabharata as the name of the Chedi people. In the Puranas, the Kurus, Chedyas peoples are indicated next to Vatsa and Kauravyas.

In Pomorie (in Kemi), it was believed that Chud had a red skin color and went to Novaya Zemlya. It is appropriate to recall that the inhabitants of ancient Egypt (the country of Lower Kemi) considered themselves red-skinned immigrants from the country of Upper Kemi.

Thus, from the legends, traditions, and beliefs that remained in the Russian North right up to the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, an image of a people grows up – a powerful, rich, independent, distinguished by a strong physique, possessing sacred knowledge and amazing abilities. The name of this people is Chud Zavolotskaya. But since the legendary «White-eyed Chud» lived primordially on the lands where the Scandinavian sagas placed the country of Biarmia and the fabulously wealthy warlike Bjarmas, it remains to draw a logical conclusion: Chud Zavolotskaya and Bjarma are one and the same.

And if we go even deeper downward, then next to the names «Chud» and «biarma» there will be «Unna-Huns (Huns)», «Alano-Russes», and «Rusolans», «Cimmerians», «Sarmatians», «Scythians-Rus», «Arimasp», «Issedon», «Hyperborea», Aryans -" Northern Kourou», etc. All of them lived on the shores of the White (Milky) Sea, where, according to the texts of the Rigveda, the gods churned the ocean to get the drink of immortality «amrita».