Дизайн обложки Dmitry Radikovich Fayzullin

© Aleksandr Khorev, 2020

ISBN 978-83-8189-882-9

Created with Ridero smart publishing system

Foreword for English speaking readers

I started writing this book in 2010, that is, ten years ago, and transferred the finished version to the publishing house two years ago. Since then, my views on the structure of our Universe have not changed. Moreover, since I am constantly interested in the opinions of scientists, I began to find confirmation of the correctness of my views on the structure of the Universe in the relevant sections of the Internet. For example, it used to be that our Universe was as flat as a blanket. I believed that our Universe is a flat surface of a ball. And recently, materials began to come across to me that some scientists also believe that our Universe is a ball. Here, for example, is one quote: “Everything that we know about the shape of the Universe may be a mistake. It is possible that our Universe is not flat, but spherical, the authors of a new study say. The results of their work were published on Monday (November 4) in the journal Nature Astronomy.” And another quote: “A team of scientists led by the cosmologist of the University of Manchester, Eleonora Di Valentino decided to cast doubt on the fundamental characteristic of the Universe – its shape. As it known, most of the available astronomical observations speak in favor of a model of a flat Universe, in which light moves in a straight line. Nevertheless, the authors of a new study say that outer space surrounding us can be curved and closed like a giant sphere, and light rays frame this space in a circle and return to the starting point. The findings of the scientists are based on the new data published last year by the Planck mission – the astronomical satellite of the European Space Agency (ESA), which was in space from 2009 to 2013.”

I gave an example about only one of my assumptions, and not the main one.

See how much time has passed since my assumption – 10 years. I have no complicated scientific formulas, only logic. But I am sure that all my other guesses about the structure of our Universe will be confirmed sooner or later.

Basically, the essence of what I wanted to convey to the reader is the amazing paradoxes presented by the constancy of the speed of light. This is truly amazing and, as it were, goes far beyond the limits of ordinary human thinking. When my thoughts on this subject led to paradoxical and completely unexpected conclusions about the structure of the Universe, I had a desire to share my thoughts with everyone who is interested in astronomy as well as I do. I was not at all interested in the commercial success of my book. I just wanted to convey my findings to other people. At first I tried to send the results of my thoughts in the form of articles to various scientific journals. But, since I have no scientific works and corresponding degrees, they politely sent me to hell. Then I decided to try to collect all the results of my thoughts in the form of one small book and publish it. Thanks to Ridero, they took on the job. But the result was zero. That is absolute zero. No one reader wanted to read my book. Bookstores refused to accept it for sale. I guess that, despite the amazing conclusions that I came to when thinking about the constancy of the speed of light, apparently the methods of my presentation are not of interest to readers. Here, after all, it is necessary not only to read my conclusions, but to come to them themselves, based on how I came to them.

I advise English-speaking readers not to linger on the first chapters of the book, but to begin immediately with chapters about time, the speed of light and the structure of the Universe. Especially it should be borne in mind that our Universe is a flat surface of the balloon, and all the stars and galaxies are located on it, like painted flowers on a balloon. And the fact that we see stars everywhere is just an optical illusion, directly related to the speed of light. This is one of the paradoxes of the speed of light and, believe me, is not the only thing that I was trying to tell in my book to readers interested in space. Of course, I am not very upset about my inability to convey to the readers interesting for me discoveries. I’m sure that the truth will strike its way, and what I’m – an amateur trying unsuccessfully to tell readers will be told in 10 to 20 years by scientists who are trying to figure out the structure of our Universe.

Stars carry their light to the Earth for millions of years. A few decades is a moment for the Universe.

Let’s wait.

Foreword

When I was small, I thought the Earth was flat. Everything was simple and clear. Under my feet was solid earth, above my head – the blue dome of the sky. There was my room with straight lines and angles, in one of which I was sometimes put in for excessive curiosity. In the mornings in the east the sun rose and, having made their daily journey, set in the west. At that time I did not pay attention to the fact that the sun was not moving in a straight line. But I was already a little embarrassed by the fact that the horizon line was a circle. It would be more familiar if it were a rectangle, like a grandmother’s potato field. Then I could not imagine that there could be another unusual world in which there is not a single straight line. I thought this was possible only in the English funny nursery rhyme:

There was a crooked man, and he walked a crooked mile.

He found a crooked sixpence against a crooked stile.

He bought a crooked cat, which caught a crooked mouse.

And they all lived together in a little crooked house.

Then, when books began to fall into my hands, I remembered two pictures. On one was depicted the Earth in the form of a bowl, which was held by three elephants, and on the other – a traveler who reached the edge of the Earth where the firmament converges with the Earth, and he accidentally or out of curiosity pierced the firmament with his staff.

When I went to school, the first disappointment came. The teacher said that our Earth has the shape of a ball and showed the globe. I was surprised to see the globe and noticed that it rests on a stand. I immediately had a question, and on what then holds the Earth. The fact that the Earth hangs in a void, where there is neither top nor bottom and no place to fall, this answer did not suit me. When in a circus a magician shows that an object hanging in the air does not hold onto anything, you understand perfectly well: this is just a trick and you are very interested in finding out the clue …

I remembered the multicolored balls on the Christmas tree. They were hung on threads tied to green branches. And when I tried to imagine a beautiful blue sphere of the Earth, hanging alone by itself, not attached to anything among the vast expanses of space, I experienced psychological discomfort. I was embraced by the cold of loneliness.

Every time I had the feeling that for some unknown reason we can see not what it really is. There is a mystery behind the balls of the planets of the solar system. Behind every planet there is something invisible to us. Space objects should have some kind of support, let it not be elephants and turtles, as the ancients believed, but something more modern. The lack of support is unnatural for our soul. And each time there was a desire to correct this inconvenience. It seemed to be a little tense and everything would fall into place, the world would become familiar to the world of straight lines …

It is good that ordinary life took place in the familiar world of three dimensions. And time passed measuredly: minute by minute, day after day. True, the dial was round. But I didn’t pay much attention to this, as there are many circles in life. And I was very surprised when I later learned that time may also have an unusual appearance. A certain physicist Einstein argued that time can go at different speeds, and it is associated with length, width and height. It was incredible: tie the minutes to centimeters! It is like asking: how is a fish different from water? But most of all I was struck by the speed of light. Einstein asserted that it has a constant value, and nothing can exceed it. Can you imagine what speed means? This is a variable. You drive a car and constantly change the speed depending on the traffic situation. And then a certain mechanic Einstein tied the gas pedal on your car so that you can not use it and began to assert that this is the speed. And plus to this, you still can not overtake anyone, because everyone has the same speed as you. I do not like when there is something that I do not understand. I do not like uncertainty. This creates emotional discomfort. Everywhere should be let not straight lines, but clear lines separating one phenomenon from another, so that everything is not randomly dumped in one pile. There must be some logic in the structure of the world. In such cases, I try to figure out what’s what, put everything on the shelves, find some logic and calm down. After all, when you understand the essence of things or events, a feeling of freedom appears in your soul. You seem to see not only with your eyes, but with your mind. You begin to understand what the consequences of one or another of your actions will be and you can choose. You get the freedom to choose. You get room to maneuver. Then comes peace of mind and confidence in your actions. But it often happens that you do not understand what is going on around you, but different circumstances, most often lack of time, prevent you from understanding the problems, and you have to live with this feeling of misunderstanding. But since all these absurdities of our physical world were somewhere far away, outside the Earth and our lives were not directly affected, it was possible simply not to think about them until some time. It was possible to postpone the solution of these cosmic problems until better times, especially since there was an urgent, almost insoluble problem of an acute shortage of this very time. From this point of view, it can be considered a blessing that there are moments of forced inaction in life. Cervantes, for example, wrote the fat novel Don Quixote while in prison. I, too it was not from a good life that I found myself in a situation where for a long time I couldn’t do anything, just think. I then worked as a security guard at the bank and, according to the instructions, did nothing, only analyzed the situation around. When the entrance doors were closing behind the last client, I could even think about everything. That’s when I decided to deal with the cosmic inconsistencies. By the way, I once worked in the police and worked there for no less than seven years, and this upcoming disassembly rather resembled the most real detective investigation. In general, I decided to deal, finally, with all this.

Since I had to deal with a whole complex of interrelated problems, I decided to act according to a certain method: take one problem and deal with it until the investigation rests on another unresolved problem, then switch to solving the newly encountered problem and only deciding her to return to the previous one. Thus, it was supposed to repeatedly return to the same problem as new information was received. The next point: I decided to formulate the questions as soon as they arose, even if it was impossible to immediately answer them. I am sure that with a picket fence of questions it is possible to impose a problem on all sides of the problem like a wolf with flags, and thus pave the way for its solution. You cannot answer all the questions, but the ability to put the question correctly is no less significant than the answer, because this question suggests in which direction to look for the answer. Likewise, a multitude of “no” may, in the end, indicate where the “yes” is hiding. If there was no unambiguous answer to a question, I decided to give several answers, including obviously foolish answers. Since I am an amateur, my answers can cause laughter or irritation of professionals. I am not against laughter, I am looking for the truth and I am ready to listen to any opinion. When I talk about stupid answers, I mean such a problem-solving method, like brainstorming, when no ideas to solve a problem are rejected, no matter how stupid they look at first glance. In addition, I decided to operate with properties not of the real physical world, but to create a mental model of the Universe and, investigating its properties, to compare their results with the existing physical laws of the real world. The model will help focus on the essentials, omitting unnecessary details. I called this mental Universe – the Universe of Khorev. Mount Sinai in Izraile has a second name – Khorev. In the Israil city of Haifa, the central avenue is called Khorev, and the shopping and medical centers located on this avenue are also called Khorev (Khorev is the English version of the writing of the name Хорев). So why not call the model of the Universe of the same name. In this Universe, the same physical laws apply. Anyway, until I figured it out.

Yes, I want to say that by this time, when I begin to describe my mental experiments in my mental Universe, I had already managed to make many dives in this paradoxical cosmic world and had time to experiment. I was shocked by what I discovered. Instead of quietly, step by step, knowing some new properties of the cosmos, searching for a logical explanation of this or that phenomenon, every time I found myself in a situation when I wanted to exclaim, “This cannot be! It’s incredible! “I got the general impression that the world of space is a natural lunatic asylum, which is literally around the corner of our usual ideas about it.

The feeling that I am in a circus does not leave me, and an illusionist appears in front of me and shows amazing tricks, the clue of which I am trying to find. Cosmos makes a fool of us! Alice in Wonderland will seem like the most truthful narration after what I learned about space! What is it worth, for example, the fact that we, it turns out, are getting information from space backwards, like in a movie, which the projectionist for laughter scrolls from end to beginning. Imagine such a situation: a small traffic accident. Person goes on the road and a car knocks him. Well, let’s say the car manages to brake, and the person gets off with a slight fright, but, nevertheless, he still falls on the roadway. Here we can see a clear causal relationship. That is, the consequence of the unexpected appearance of a pedestrian in front of a car is that the car knocks him down and a person falls. The beginning of the event is the exit of a person on the road. End of the event – a man lying on the road, hit by a car. So the same picture we get from space in this form:

1. We see that a person lies on the road.

2. That he rises and a car drives off him.

3. Man, backing away, leaves the passageway.

This is what the cosmos shows us. Moreover, he does this in a continuous round-the-clock mode almost from the moment of the Big Bang, and more precisely, from the moment of the appearance of electromagnetic radiation, that is, light.

Proving that space is deceiving us in the transfer of information is very simple, and I am surprised that none of the scientists have yet paid attention to it. I will talk more about this later. This is just an example of one of the paradoxes of the cosmos.

I began my research, not knowing to what extent everything in space is different from our usual life. This is a completely different world. We have to accept the rules of the game, which are dictated by this “other world”. But every time when I return to the familiar space of my room after another visit to this paradoxical world, I come to my senses for a long time, and at night I dream that I run my own collider on my garden plot or, having met myself in a dream, I explain to myself that I was able to return to the past and now there will be two of us.

With some things, I more or less figured out, in any case, I was able to isolate and mark the individual details of the space device. But still, as I went deeper into the cosmic problems, I didn’t leave the feeling that I didn’t grasp the overall picture that made up these details. There is only a feeling that this picture is very peculiar. It is fundamentally different from the understanding of the cosmos, not only ordinary people, but also scientists.

Well, now, it seems, I said everything.